Malawi Airlines Announces Route Expansion

Malawi Airlines says it will launch flights to Mozambique, Rwanda, and Uganda. This is part of the airline’s route expansion strategy.

Lorne Philipot

Tuesday, May 14, 2024 at 12:02 PM ET

Verified

Edited By:

Ryan Ewing

A Boeing 737-800 aircraft (Photo: Shutterstock)

Malawi Airlines says it will launch flights to Mozambique, Rwanda, and Uganda. This is part of the airline’s route expansion strategy. According to NyasaTimes, the airline’s marketing manager, Only Taulo, said that the route expansion was a sign of growth for the airline.

Proposed destinations include Kigali in Rwanda as well as Nampula and Pemba in Mozambique. While launch dates are not yet known, Kigali flights are likely to commence soon while services to Pemba and Nampula are expected a little later this year. The airline also plans to start flights to Entebbe in Uganda in late 2024.

Malawi Airlines’ route expansion is viewed as a positive step that could generate increased foreign exchange revenues, underscoring the important economic role played by the aviation sector.

Boost For Tourism Sector

Dean of Tourism at Malawi’s Mzuzu University, Dr Lameck Zetu Khonje, welcomed the announcement, saying it was a positive move for Malawi’s tourism industry. In an effort to boost tourist arrivals, Malawi lifted visa restrictions for nationals of 79 countries in February.

The small African country has an economy that is predominantly agriculture-based. However, it also has a significant tourist economy, centered around Lake Malawi. The lake is the fourth largest freshwater lake in the world by volume, the ninth largest in the world by area, and the third largest and second deepest in Africa.

Khonje also said that Rwanda and Mozambique were key tourist destinations and that introducing services to these destinations stood to benefit the local economy. Furthermore, he predicts that the nonstop flight links could drive visitor flows to Malawi. Khonje emphasized the broader benefits of connecting tourism hotspots across the region.

Malawi Airlines

Malawi Airlines is the flag carrier of Malawi, with its hub at Lilongwe International Airport. The airline was established in 2012 after the liquidation of former national airline, Air Malawi. Ethiopian Airlines, which owns 49% of Malawi Airlines, now operates the carrier under a management contract.

Malawi Airlines offers a compact route network with its fleet consisting of two Boeing 737-800 aircraft. Domestic operations include Blantyre and Lilongwe. International routes served include Nairobi, Kenya; Johannesburg, South Africa; Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Lusaka, Zambia; and Harare, Zimbabwe.

Lorne Philipot

Lorne is a South Africa-based aviation journalist. He was captivated and fascinated by flying from the day he took his first airline flight. With a passion for aviation in his blood, he has flown to destinations in all corners of the globe. Lorne has traveled extensively and lived in various countries. Drawing on his travels and passion for aviation, Lorne enjoys writing about airlines, routes, networks, and new developments.

TAAG Angola Airlines Takes Full Control of Luanda-Lisbon Route

Angolan airline TAAG has terminated its service agreement with Portuguese carrier HiFly, assuming full management of the Luanda-Lisbon route.

Victor Shalton

Tuesday, May 14, 2024 at 10:30 AM ET

Verified

Edited By:

Ryan Ewing

A TAAG Angola Boeing 777 aircraft (Photo: Shutterstock)

Angolan airline TAAG has terminated its service agreement with Portuguese carrier HiFly, assuming full management of the Luanda-Lisbon-Luanda route. According to Nelson de Oliveira, CEO of TAAG, the airline currently operates flights to Lisbon, specifically with flights DT 652 and DT 650, as reported by the E&M media website on May 13, 2024.

“TAAG resumed its DT flight (…), ending the service that was provided by Hifly,” said the CEO of the Angolan flag carrier.

In June 2022, TAAG and Portuguese ACMI specialist HiFly announced an agreement involving an Airbus A330 aircraft. The agreement, signed by former TAAG CEO Eduardo Fairen Soria, was justified as a solution to ensure the “continuity and regularity” of operations on the Luanda-Lisbon route, which experiences high demand. The decision coincided precisely with the maintenance work that TAAG is carrying out on part of its long-haul fleet, specifically the Boeing 777s model.

TAAG aims to reintegrate its Boeing 777, averaging 17.5 years old, into service as the airline awaits the arrival of new widebody aircraft later in August this year. Last month, on April 25, 2024, TAAG Angola Airlines finalized a 5-year contract with Air France Industries KLM Engineering & Maintenance (AFI KLM E&M) for Boeing 777 repair support. The contract also includes an MBK (Main Base Kit) for TAAG’s fleet of five Boeing 777-300ER and three Boeing 777-200 aircraft.

TAAG Angola Airlines offers two daily flights from Luanda to Lisbon, totaling 14 flights per week. These flights are operated using Boeing 777-300ER aircraft, which accommodate 293 passengers. The seating configuration includes 12 in the ‘business plus’ class, 56 in the ‘standard business’ class, and 225 in economy class. TAP Air Portugal provides direct competition with daily flights on the same route.

While TAAG currently serves only Lisbon in Europe, the airline plans to resume its Luanda-Madrid route during the Northern winter 2024/25 season. Passengers can now make reservations for travel on or after Oct. 29, 2024, as reported by AeroRoutes on May 10, 2024. Additionally, Iberia will display IB-coded flight numbers on this route starting from the same date.

Currently, TAAG Angola Airlines operates a fleet of 23 aircraft, including nine 737s, eight 777s, and six De Havilland Canada DHC-8-400s. The airline is however looking to expand its fleet with an order signed in October 2023 with Boeing for four new Boeing 787 Dreamliners, comprising of two 787-9s and two 787-10s. Deliveries are expected to begin as early as August 2024.

In preparation for these additions, TAAG has ordered eight GEnx-1B engines, along with one spare engine, to power its 787 fleet. The airline has also signed long-term lease agreements for fifteen Airbus A220 aircraft from various leasing firms, with deliveries scheduled to begin in Q3 2024.

Victor Shalton

Victor Shalton's love for aviation can be traced to when he was 11-years-old. As a seasoned aviation writer, he takes pride in providing the best aviation coverage around the globe and is passionate about advancing his skills in the aviation space. In addition, he loves travelling, writing, arts and while his speaking engagements have taken him around the world, he is proud to call Nairobi home.

Emirates Employees to Receive Bonus of Five Months Salary

Emirates is giving its over 100,000 employees a bonus worth 20 weeks of their respective salaries after posting record profits.

Ryan Ewing

Monday, May 13, 2024 at 01:00 PM ET

Verified

Edited By:

Ryan Ewing

An Emirates A380 lands in London (Photo: AirlineGeeks | William Derrickson)

After posting a record profit of 7.2 billion dirhams ($4.7 billion) for its 2023-2024 fiscal year, Emirates is giving its over 100,000 employees a bonus worth 20 weeks of their respective salaries. The Dubai-based carrier’s profits increased 63% year-over-year.

According to a report in the Khaleej Times, the company’s employees will receive the one-time payout in May. The airline said its workforce grew by 10% last year with a total of 112,406 staff members in 84 countries.

In an email viewed by the Khaleej Times, the airline’s chief Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum commended employees “for powering our collective ambitions and for achieving them, you deserve every dirham of the 20-week profit share.”

Emirates captains make an average of approximately $9,000 per month per data from Epic Flight Academy. Based on these figures, bonuses could be as much as $50,000 for some workgroups.

The airline added that it is continuing to hire pilots, flight attendants, and ground staff this year, including for its ground handling subsidiary Dnata. Last year, Emirates gave employees a similar bonus worth 24 weeks of salary.

Ryan Ewing

Ryan founded AirlineGeeks.com in February 2013 and has spent more than a decade covering the airline business. His work has been featured by CNN, WJLA, CNET, and Business Insider. His aviation experience spans airport operations, Part 135 regulatory compliance, and airline crew workforce planning, along with time behind the yoke of a Cessna 172 and interviews with airline executives. Ryan now serves as Group President of Firecrown Media’s Aviation Group. He holds a B.S. in Air Transportation Management and an MBA from Arizona State University and teaches Airline Management at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University.

SkyWest Confirms CRJ-550 Operations for Delta Connection

The airline plans to deploy the aircraft in markets previously served by single-class regional jets starting later this year.

Ryan Ewing

Monday, May 13, 2024 at 10:55 AM ET

Verified

Edited By:

Ryan Ewing

A Delta Connection CRJ-700 aircraft. (Photo: Shutterstock)

SkyWest will soon operate the premium-heavy CRJ-550 aircraft under the Delta Connection brand, a spokesperson from the regional carrier confirmed on Monday. Delta recently listed the aircraft type on its website’s fleet page.

Currently operated by only GoJet for United Express, the CRJ-550 is a CRJ-700 airframe with just 50 seats. The United Express aircraft feature some interior enhancements, including large closets for roller-board bags and a snack bar in first class.

According to its website, Delta’s CRJ-550 will have 10 first class seats, 20 Comfort+ seats, and 20 standard economy seats. This configuration is nearly identical to United’s offering.

Delta’s CRJ-550 seat map (Photo: Delta.com)

Where Will Delta Fly the CRJ-550

Last month, SkyWest confirmed during an earnings call that it would be transitioning CRJ-700s from an expiring contract to CRJ-550s. At the time, the airline did not say which one of its major airline partners would market the type.

Per numerous Essential Air Service (EAS) documents from late 2023, Delta was positioning to use the CRJ-550 for some time, especially after the retirement of its 50-seat single-class CRJ-200 aircraft in December. The Atlanta-based carrier was the first major U.S. airline to completely remove the CRJ-200 from its regional fleet.

A SkyWest spokesperson confirmed the CRJ-550 will operate in markets previously served by the CRJ-200.

“SkyWest is in the process of implementing the CRJ550 in its Delta Connection operations later this year. The two-class CRJ550 will be modified from SkyWest’s existing fleet and will replace flying that was previously single-class to align with the Delta Connection experience customers have come to expect from Delta,” SkyWest told AirlineGeeks in a statement.

Last year, Delta issued a directive requiring all regional flights to include dual-class aircraft. 13 Essential Air Service (EAS) communities were affected by this requirement, including Alpena, Pellston, Sault Ste. Marie, Escanaba, and Iron Mountain in Michigan; Brainerd, Bemidji, Hibbing, and International Falls in Minnesota; along with Rhinelander, Wis.; Aberdeen, S.D.; Cedar City, Utah; and Butte, Mont.

Ryan Ewing

airBaltic Plans a Bond Issue of €340 Million

The Latian flag carrier, airBaltic, leads the way as one of the nation's most known corporations on its path to an upcoming IPO.

Filip Kopeć

Monday, May 13, 2024 at 10:20 AM ET

Verified

Edited By:

Ryan Ewing

airBaltic Airbus A220-300 at Riga Airport (Photo: airBaltic)

Last week airBaltic reached an important milestone on the path towards its IPO. The carrier reported pricing a EUR 340 million (USD $367,113,300) issue of 14.50% 5.25-year (five years and three months) senior secured bonds.

An Important Step

The company proudly announced that the demand for the bond exceeded the supply, ramping up an order book of EUR 800 million (USD $862 million). More than 100 global institutional investors from over 20 countries across 3 continents will contribute to the final allocation. The bond will play a vital role in the company’s near future as mentioned by the CEO, Martin Gauss:

“The successful placement of this bond serves to refinance our previously issued 200 million euro bond, demonstrating the trust investors have in airBaltic’s strategy. This refinancing will substantially boost the company’s liquidity and financial stability allowing us to continue our investments in expanding and modernizing our fleet. This marks a historic milestone for our airline.”

The interest rate on airBaltic’s corporate bond grew substantially from 6.75% on the previous bond to 14.5% this time around. This is a result of the global increase in the cost of capital and the risk premium for the region. In 2019 the European Central Bank interest rates had been hovering at a near-zero level for a decade. The ECB’s main refinancing rate is currently 4.50%.

On top of that, the Russian invasion of Ukraine posed a major geopolitical risk to the region. airBaltic stopped operating to both of the nations which, before the war, were major air traffic demand centers for the carrier.

A History-Telling Chart

The valuation of the previous airBaltic bond tells a story of two crises the company went through in the past years.

airBaltic’s 2019 bond valuation at the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (Source: TradingView.com)

Back in 2019, the carrier had just gone through a major turnaround in the mid-2010s. It took a new vector by changing its fleet from a bouquet of narrowbody types to a single-type fleet focusing on the Bombardier CS300, now operating as the Airbus A220. The bond issue was set to accelerate airBaltic’s fleet expansion.

Soon enough the first headwind came with the pandemic resulting in the carrier suspending all the flights. International air transportation in Europe came to a halt and the Baltic states are too small of markets to offer the potential for domestic connectivity. With such a hard impact on the company’s business, valuation of the corporate bonds plummeted as bankruptcy probability rose.

airBaltic’s network in 2024 (Source: flightconnections.com)

The carrier has made a swift recovery. With the Latvian government’s backing, it was clear already in 2021 that the national carrier is bound for success in the post-pandemic landscape. Unfortunately for airBaltic, a big portion of its business was oriented East, towards Russia and Ukraine. The second blow spurred another wave of worries about the company’s future.

Filip Kopeć

A passionate aviation enthusiast that started off his career as an aerospace engineer, but found his true calling on the commercial side of the airline business. Now as a finance guy among avgeeks and an avgeek among finance guys, he has experience working in the Revenue Divisions of three airlines. In his spare time he enjoys traveling, but admittedly sometimes is more about the journey than the destination.

Delta Planning to Fly Premium-Heavy CRJ-550s

While Delta hasn't officially announced that it will operate the type, the carrier has since added the CRJ-550 to its website's fleet page

Joey Gerardi

Sunday, May 12, 2024 at 10:55 PM ET

Verified

Edited By:

Ryan Ewing

A Delta Connection CRJ-700 aircraft (Photo: Shutterstock)

Roughly two weeks ago, AirlineGeeks first reported that SkyWest plans to add the CRJ-550 to its fleet, transitioning 19 CRJ-700s from an expiring American contract. While Delta hasn’t officially announced that it will operate the type, the carrier has since added the CRJ-550 to its website’s fleet page, essentially taking the spot above the CRJ-700, right where the CRJ-200 used to sit.

The Atlanta-based airline has also added a seat map of the CRJ-550 to its website, whichis in the same configuration as United’s with 10 first class seats, 20 premium economy seats branded as Comfort+, and 20 economy seats. The CRJ-550 is essentially a CRJ-700 body, with modifications made on the interior to only hold 50 seats.

According to various Essential Air Service (EAS) documents, the CRJ-550 has the option to take the place of the CRJ-700 and CRJ-900 on EAS flights that SkyWest used to operate on the 50-seat CRJ-200.

But, that brings an interesting question into play, the CRJ-550 was introduced by GoJet and United to provide more premium seats on shorter flights that have higher premium traffic but not necessarily enough overall demand to support a larger mainline aircraft with a lot more seats in all cabins. A majority of the initial cities Delta’s CRJ-550 will likely be operating in will be the government-funded EAS communities with relatively low premium seat demand compared to other markets.

EAS contracts and proposed subsidies that the airlines submit are calculated based on the average fare, expected revenue, profit margins, how many seats they estimate will be filled, along with many other accounting factors. The CRJ-200 that SkyWest operated was entirely economy class for all 50 seats, but now with the CRJ-550, over half of the seats in the cabin will be in a class above economy, with 20% of the cabin now being first-class seats.

A Delta CRJ-200 in Iron Mountain (Photo: AirlineGeeks | Joey Gerardi)

This could theoretically make future EAS subsidies much higher, as the average fare of the entire cabin will now be much higher with first class and premium economy seats thrown into the mix.However, with the initial Delta CRJ-550 routes yet to be announced, one can only guess what effect this will have on small communities around the country, as well as the regional jet market as a whole.

Editor’s Note: A spokesperson from SkyWest confirmed on Monday that the airline is operating the CRJ-550 under the Delta Connection brand.

Joey Gerardi

Joey has always been interested in planes for as long as he can remember. He grew up in Central New York during the early 2000s when US Airways Express turboprops ruled the skies. Being from a non-aviation family made it harder for him to be around planes and would only spend about three hours a month at the airport. He was so excited when he could drive by himself, the first thing he did with his driver's license was get ice cream and go plane spotting for the entire day. He graduated from Western Michigan University in 2022 with a B.S. in Aviation Management & Operations and a Minor in Business, and currently works for a major airline in his hometown.

American Adds New Los Angeles Route

According to a recent Cirium Diio schedule update, the Fort Worth-based airline will add service between LAX and Flagstaff Pulliam Airport in Arizona.

Ryan Ewing

Sunday, May 12, 2024 at 03:35 PM ET

Verified

Edited By:

Ryan Ewing

An American Eagle CRJ-700 aircraft operated by SkyWest. (Photo: AirlineGeeks | William Derrickson)

American is adding a route from its Los Angeles hub. According to a recent Cirium Diio schedule update, the Fort Worth-based airline will add service between LAX and Flagstaff Pulliam Airport in Arizona.

Flights are slated to begin on Oct. 7, 2024 and operate once daily. The route will be operated by SkyWest CRJ-700 aircraft.

The Northern Arizona airport – which handles more than 100,000 passengers annually – only sees regular service from American. Currently, the carrier operates up to five daily flights to Phoenix and once daily to Dallas/Fort Worth. American previously served LAX-FLG until December 2019.

Flagstaff is located roughly 85 miles from the popular Grand Canyon National Park and 143 miles north of Phoenix. American began serving Flagstaff in 2015 after merging with US Airways, which previously operated to the airport. Alaska’s Horizon Air also briefly flew to Flagstaff between 2008 and 2010.

U.S. airlines are betting more heavily on regional markets as pilot supply challenges continue to improve. During a recent earnings call, American CFO Devon May shared that the company plans to have 535 fully utlized regional jets by the end of 2024.

Editor’s Note: This story was updated on May 13, 2024 at 11:50 a.m. ET to note that American previously served the LAX-FLG route between 2018 and 2019.

Ryan Ewing

United Resumes Two Regional Routes

United has decided to re-add some regional flying to smaller cities in the southeastern United States starting later this year.

Joey Gerardi

Sunday, May 12, 2024 at 02:52 PM ET

Verified

Edited By:

Ryan Ewing

A CommuteAir Embraer E145 aircraft (Photo: CommuteAir)

United has decided to re-add regional flying to some of its smaller cities in the southeastern United States. During the height of COVID-19 and the years following, airlines had a hard time supplying pilots and numerous routes to smaller markets were cut.

Greensboro, N.C. and Greenville/Spartanburg, S.C. will see the return of flights to United’s hub at Washington Dulles. While they both have continued to see service to Newark, Dulles flights were cut back in early 2022 due to the regional pilot supply issues. These two communities being restarted were among a list of nine cities being cut from Dulles in early 2022, most of which still haven’t seen the return service and one of which isn’t even served by United anymore at all.

The interior of CommuteAir’s E145 with its 1-2 configuration. (Photo: AirlineGeeks | Craig Fischer)

Similar to when they were last served from Dulles, service will be operated three times a day to each city onboard the 50-seat Embraer E145 operated by CommuteAir. Greenville/Spartanburg will begin on Sept. 26, 2024, while Greensboro will begin roughly a month later on Oct. 27, 2024.

Joey Gerardi

IAG Airlines Post Positive Q1 Results

The International Airlines Group (IAG) has reported a significant increase in operating profit for the first quarter of the year.

John Flett

Friday, May 10, 2024 at 12:04 PM ET

Verified

Edited By:

Ryan Ewing

British Airways and Iberia aircraft at London's Heathrow Airport. (Photo: Shutterstock | Fasttailwind)

The International Airlines Group (IAG) has reported a significant increase in operating profit for the first quarter of the year (Q1 2024). The consortium that includes British Airways (BA), Iberia, Vueling, Aer Lingus, and LEVEL posted a €68 million ($73 million) profit up from €9 million ($9.71 million) in Q1 2023. Luis Gallego, IAG Chief Executive Officer, said: “Our transformation initiatives and increased demand, including over the Easter holidays, have delivered another very good set of results with improvements to both revenue and operating profit.”

With limited exposure to the Middle East and slow-recovering countries in the Asian market, IAG airlines performed better than some of its long-haul competitors. Reuters reported that Air France-KLM and the Lufthansa Group published first-quarter earnings below expectations. Gallego stated: “Our Group benefits from the strength of our core markets – North Atlantic, South Atlantic and intra-Europe – and the performance of our brands. Investment across the Group in transformation is delivering encouraging improvements in punctuality and customer experience at our airlines. IAG Loyalty continues to perform very well.”

Continued Latin American Growth

The Latin American and Caribbean regions were areas where IAG considerably increased capacity, up 14 percent. The majority of that capacity, measured in Available Seat Kilometers (ASKs), was serviced by Iberia, though LEVEL and British Airways also contributed. The regions accounted for 21.6 percent of IAGs ASKs for the quarter, third behind the North Atlantic (28.7 percent) and Europe (23.6 percent).

IAG classifies the United Kingdom and Spanish markets as ‘Domestic’ and together it accounted for 8.3 percent of the group’s capacity for Q1 2024. Though from a ‘passenger revenue per ASK’ metric, the ‘Domestic’ network gave the group its highest unit revenue increase at 6.9 percent for the quarter. The North Atlantic network had the second-highest gain at 6.5 percent benefitting from the strong premium traffic and an overall positive demand. Overall passenger capacity for the group was up 7 percent with passenger revenue scoring an increase of 11.7 percent vs Q1 2023.

With the early Easter period already contributing to the Q1 2024 results, IAG was looking forward to the upcoming northern summer season. For the group this is shaping up to be a solid one, barring any escalations in international crises or unforeseen events. Reuters reports Gallego mentioning on the earnings call that IAG ‘had already secured more than 80% of projected bookings for the second quarter and over 40% for the third quarter.’

In related news, British Airways Holidays released the results of a ‘Travel Trends Report’ this week that highlighted the way in which Brits are looking to travel. Of particular note was the increase in searches for packages in May and June as compared to the peak July/August period. According to the data, searches for the earlier months were double that of the traditional peak. Perhaps skewing the results for this year may be cost-savvy travelers looking to vacation earlier to avoid the Euros football tournament in Germany and the Paris Olympics.

John Flett

John has always had a passion for aviation and through a career with Air New Zealand has gained a strong understanding of aviation operations and the strategic nature of the industry. During his career with the airline, John held multiple leadership roles and was involved in projects such as the introduction of both the 777-200 and -300 type aircraft and the development of the IFE for the 777-300. He was also part of a small team who created and published the internal communications magazines for Air New Zealand’s pilots, cabin crew and ground staff balancing a mix of corporate and social content. John is educated to postgraduate level achieving a masters degree with Distinction in Airline and Airport Management. John has held the positions of course director of an undergraduate commercial pilot training programme at a leading London university. In addition he is contracted as an external instructor for IATA (International Air Transport Association) and has been a member of the Heathrow Community Fund’s ‘Communities for Tomorrow’ panel.

Livery of the Week: Aer Lingus’ Retro Scheme

In 2011, Aer Lingus, the Irish national airline, celebrated its 75th anniversary. To mark the occasion, the carrier unveiled a special livery on an Airbus A320.

Ryan Ewing

Friday, May 10, 2024 at 11:11 AM ET

Verified

Edited By:

Ryan Ewing

An Aer Lingus A320 in a retro paint scheme (Photo: AirlineGeeks | William Derrickson)

Editor’s Note: AirlineGeeks is proud to present our ‘Livery of the Week’ series. Every Friday, a team member will share an airline livery, which can be from the past, present, or even a special scheme. Some airline liveries are works of art. The complexity associated with painting around critical flight components and the added weight requires outside-the-box thinking from designers. The average airliner can cost upwards of $200,000 to repaint, creating a separate aircraft repainting industry as a result.

Have an idea for a livery that we should highlight? Drop us a line.

In 2011, Aer Lingus, the Irish national airline, celebrated its 75th anniversary in style. To mark the occasion, the carrier unveiled a special livery on one of its Airbus A320 aircraft.

This unique paint scheme wasn’t the standard green and white that passengers were accustomed to seeing. Instead, it was a retro design inspired by an earlier era of Aer Lingus aircraft.

The design was derived from an early 1960s livery. The Airbus A320 donned a mostly dark green and white color scheme, with a subtle hint of Aer Lingus’s signature green on the tail. This design was a stark contrast to the airline’s usual vibrant green livery.

Aer Lingus’ retro paint scheme (Photo: AirlineGeeks | William Derrickson)

This special retro Airbus A320, with the registration EI-DVM, still operates in the airline’s fleet today. It serves as a flying tribute to Aer Lingus’s long history and heritage. The Irish airline operates a fleet of over 50 narrow and widebody aircraft.

Looking for a new airplane model? Head over to our friends at the Midwest Model Store for a wide selection of airlines and liveries.

Ryan Ewing